Doom is famous for operating on whatever from graphic calculators to ATMs, so I guess it shouldnt be too unexpected to see it playable here inside another video game, specifically because that game is Minecraft.
Its possible thanks to the VM Computers mod (through The Verge), which lets you build your own computer system in the game utilizing numerous parts, then use it as a website to a virtual device youve likewise got running at the exact same time.
In the above case, that virtual machine is playing Doom. For a more meta example, heres somebody playing Minecraft in Minecraft.
For a fast explainer on how you build the PC and get whatever up and running, this video by Pandemic Playground is respectable: